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Yohanan ben Zakkai ((ヘブライ語:יוחנן בן זכאי), 30 BCE – 90 CE),〔Sanhedrin 41a〕 also known as Johanan B. Zakkai, or in short ריב״ז (Ribaz), was one of the tannaim, an important Jewish sage in the era of the Second Temple, and a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinical Judaism, the Mishnah. He is widely regarded as one of the most important Jewish figures of his time. His tomb is located in Tiberias, within the Maimonides burial compound. == Life == The Talmud reports that, in the mid first century, he was particularly active in opposing the Sadducees' interpretations of Jewish law,〔''Menahot'' 65a〕〔''Baba Batra'' 115b〕 and produced counter-arguments to the Sadducees' objection to the Pharisees.〔''Yadayim'' 4:5〕 So dedicated was he to opposing the Sadducee view of Jewish law, that he prevented the Jewish high priest, who was a Sadducee, from following the Sadducee interpretation of the Red Heifer ritual.〔''Parah'' (Tosefta) 3:8〕 His home, at this time, was in Arav, a location in the Galilee.〔''Jewish Encyclopedia'', ''Yochanan ben Zakai''〕 However, although living among them, he found the attitude of Galileans to be objectionable, allegedly exclaiming that they hated the Torah and would therefore "fall into the hands of robbers."〔 During the siege of Jerusalem in the Great Jewish Revolt, he argued in favour of peace; according to the Talmud, when he found the anger of the besieged populace to be intolerable, he arranged a secret escape from the city inside a coffin, so that he could negotiate with Vespasian (who, at this time, was still just a military commander).〔〔''Bavli'' ''Gittin'' 56a&b〕 Yochanan correctly predicted that Vespasian would become Emperor, and that the temple would soon be destroyed; in return, Vespasian granted Yochanan three wishes: the salvation of Yavne and its sages, the descendants of Rabban Gamliel, who was of the Davidic dynasty, and a physician to treat Rabbi Tzadok, who had fasted for 40 years to stave off the destruction of Jerusalem.〔''Bavli'' ''Gittin'' 56b〕 Upon the destruction of Jerusalem, Jochanan converted his school at Yavne into the Jewish religious centre, insisting that certain privileges, given by Jewish law uniquely to Jerusalem, should be transferred to Yavne.〔''Rosh Ha Shanah'' 4:1-3〕 His school functioned as a re-establishment of the Sanhedrin, so that Judaism could decide how to deal with the loss of the sacrificial altars of the temple in Jerusalem, and other pertinent questions. Referring to a passage in the Book of Hosea, "I desired mercy, and not sacrifice", he helped persuade the council to replace animal sacrifice with prayer,〔Rabbi Nathan, ''Abot'' 4〕 a practice that continues in today's worship services; eventually Rabbinic Judaism emerged from the council's conclusions. In his last years he taught at Bror Hayil, a location near Yavne.〔''Sanhedrin'' 32b〕 His students were present at his deathbed, and were requested by him, in his penultimate words, according to the Talmudic record, to reduce the risk of ritual impurity due to the presence of death: :Put the vessels out of the house, that they may not become unclean〔''Berakot'' 28b〕 More enigmatic were the Talmud's record of his last words, which seem to relate to Jewish messianism:〔 :prepare a throne for Hezekiah, the King of Judah, who is coming〔 His students returned to Yavne upon his death, and he was buried in the city of Tiberias; eleven centuries later, Maimonides was buried nearby. In his role as leader of the Jewish Council, he was succeeded by Gamliel II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johanan ben Zakai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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